Tax Year End Procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tax Year End Procedure - Essay Example Inland Revenue and HM Revenue and Customs legislation. The company payroll is one of the largest expenses a company may have and as such it is important that accurate and complete records should be kept on a daily basis to ensure that the year-end procedures can be carried out with the minimum of stress or inconvenience to payroll staff. This report addresses five different areas where payroll procedures need to be explained so that during the end of year cut-off and rollover procedures there is a minimum of adjustment that might need to be made to existing daily records. The five areas contained in this report include the reconciliation process, the clear-down process, submission requirements and deadlines, a general checklist and a review of procedures. The most helpful source of information on day-to-day payroll procedures is an Employer's Help Book (E13, 2005) that is published by the Inland Revenue Department. This booklet explains how to work out and record PAYE and NIC's (form P11); The procedures necessary when a new person is employed; what procedures should take place when an employee leaves the company; the correct procedure for changing an employee's tax code within a tax year as well as information on other different changes that might occur within a tax year such as changes in employees circumstances (reaching the age of 16, pension schemes, what to do if an employee dies and changes to insurance schemes) as well as comprehensive information on how to apply the Working Tax Credit to wages and how a company can take out Student Loan Deductions from an employee's weekly wage entitlement. One of the most important payroll procedures is the allocation of a new employees tax code, as this code will determine how much tax this person should be paying in accordance with his or her personal circumstances. There are a variety of codes that can be used which are generally noted with a letter (L, P, T, or Y) and one or more numbers. The Inland Revenue Department has more detailed information on how these codes should be allocated and they advise that a tax code for an employee should never be changed within a financial year without approval from the department. There are a number of different wage figures that have to be accumulated throughout any financial year. These include individual PAYE and gross earning figures for each employee, plus the amount of money that has been added to or deducted from individual pay entitlements for insurance and pension schemes, clothing allowances, travel allowances, working tax credit and other benefits and allowances. It is the company's responsibility to ensure that the calculations of weekly pay amounts and the recording of accumulative pay figures throughout the year are accurate especially in terms of PAYE as it is this amount that the company will need to pay to the Inland Revenue department at the end of the financial year. Most payrolls are now completed using a payroll software program. These programs have inbuilt processes in them that ensure that the necessary total figures are accumulated on a monthly and yearly basis. Supervisory checks at this stage of payroll processing should include checking weekly wage totals on a weekly basis before payments are made to employees, reconciling the weekly pay figure totals with those

Lego Branding Community Essay Example for Free

Lego Branding Community Essay Online communities are becoming â€Å"places† of belonging, information, and emotional support that people cannot do without. These social groups have a real existence for their participants, and thus have consequential effects on many aspects of behaviour. This article examines collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. It presents the main features of an online brand community, the process of value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities. These key factors jointly characterize collective value creation and empowerment. This netnographic study focuses on an online brand community called BrickBuilders, which is a meeting place for LEGO builders in Finland. BrickBuilders’ members feel a sense of belonging, they share similar motivations, and they create value together. Introduction A brand community can be formed by any group of people who share a common interest in a specific brand and who create a parallel social universe rife with its own myths, values, rituals, vocabulary, and hierarchy (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001; Cova and Pace, 2006). Brand communities become more than a place. They become a common understanding of a shared identity, which can be found in both face-to-face interactions and in cyberspace (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001). Analysts no longer question whether the concept of community should have a place in the domain of marketing (Cova and Pace, 2006). However, the concepts of brand community and online brand community are relatively new and have yet to find their place in the academic world. Traditionally, companies produced products relatively independently. Today, consumers and other stakeholders can create value more collectively. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. Main Features of Online Brand Communities Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) used three constructs to identify the distinguishing features of brand communities. First, a sense of belonging is a connection that members feel toward one another and the collective sense of difference from others outside of the community. The second feature is the presence of shared rituals and traditions that surround the brand. Rituals and traditions perpetuate the community’s shared history, culture, and consciousness. Traditions include certain behavioural norms and values. The third feature is a sense of moral responsibility, which is a felt sense of duty or obligation to the community. The sense of moral responsibility is what produces collective action. Heinonen and Halonen (2007) have identified motivators for online brand community activities. Members want to belong to something, build and strengthen their identities, get feedback from others, and create something new. The Process of Collective Value Creation Schau and colleagues (2009) have identified the process of value co-creation in online brand communities. The process consists of four thematic practices, which are social networking, impression management, community engagement, and brand use. Social networking is a practice that focuses on creating, enhancing, and sustaining ties among brand community members. These include welcoming, empathizing, and governing. These practices operate primarily in the intangible domain of the emotions and reinforce the social or moral bonds within the community. Impression management includes evangelizing and justifying. Online brand community members act as altruistic emissaries and ambassadors of good will. Members devote time and effort to the brand, share the news of the brand, and inspire others to participate in the community. Community-engagement practices are those that reinforce members’ escalating engagement with the brand community. These include staking, milestoning, badging, and documenting. Staking, milestoning, and badging mean that community members bring out brand experiences and proclaim openly that they are fans of a particular brand. Documenting occurs when brand community members construct a narrative of their brand experiences. Brand-use practices are specifically related to improved or enhanced use of the focal brand. These include grooming, customizing, and commoditizing. Grooming means that members share, for example, homemade tools and advice. Customizing means modifying existing ideas and discovering new ideas, which result in customized products. Commoditizing means that members rant or chastise some products, but at the same time, they have new ideas on how those products could be developed. Synthesis of the Theoretical Framework The main features of online brand communities, value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities (Heinonen and Halonen, 2007; Kozinets, 2010; Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001; Schau et al., 2009) are the key factors that jointly – realized in various combinations – characterize collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. The collective value creation and empowerment in the online brand community may occur when its members have a sense of belonging, they create value together, and they have similar motives. The collective value creation and empowerment of the online brand community allows mutual interaction between the online brand community and the company as well as other stakeholders. Companies have an opportunity to communicate with consumers and influence their opinions (Kozinets, 2010) and vice-versa. We have moved away from one-way transactions to a relationship-based interaction model that emphasizes consumers’ and other stakeholders’ roles in networks and communities.

One Hundred Years of Solitude/Cien Anos de Soledad : The Buendía Famil

One Hundred Years of Solitude/Cien Anos de Soledad : The Buendà ­a Family Bibliography w/3 sources The family is at the center of Latin American society. It provides a sense of stability amidst economic and political instability. Blood ties often become business contacts, and keeping in touch with as many relatives as possible is an economic advantage. The male is the dominant figure in Latin American families. He supports the family financially and decides the family's residence. As a result of his authority, he is often distant from his children (Barroa 75). He must prove himself muy macho (very much a man) through the conquest of several women (74). In fact, many Latin American men maintain separate houses from their family with a mistress (74). Poet Octavia Paz comments on machismo, saying that the ideal male "must never give in,' that is, allow the exterior world to penetrate his interior self, his maleness" (74). In Latin America, the female runs the household (74). She educates the children and manages the finances. As a result, the Latin American family is matriarchal. Whereas the father is distant, the mother is "linked with love and proximity" and has a greater influence on the children (75). The Buendà ­as of One Hundred Years of Solitude fit this model in several ways. Family ties are strong within the family. Everyone lives in the same house. One of two family names--Aureliano and Josà © Arcadio-- is passed down to all male Buendà ­as. The men in the novel fit into one of two categories (Bell-Villida 95). The Josà © Arcadios are on one side of the spectrum, exhibiting an extreme form of machismo. When they make a decision, no one... ... strong, and the men are either muy macho or extremely remote from the rest of the family. However, the Buendà ­as digress from this model in several instances. The men are not family leaders, and the women take on the traditional roles of both parents in the family. Another key deviation from the traditional family structure is the Buendà ­as' failure to form relationships with the community. They resort to incest, a digression from the norm which possibly causes the eventual destruction of the Buendà ­a clan. Bibliography Bell-Villada, Gene H. Garcia Marquez: The Man and His Work. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. Gonzalez, Anibal. "Translation and genealogy: One Hundred Years of Solitude." In McGuirk and Cardwell, 65-79. James, Regina. Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Revolutions in Wonderland. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1981.

Colonialism and Imperialism - A Post-colonial Study of Heart of Darknes

A Post-colonial Study of Heart of Darkness         Ã‚  In this paper, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness will be examined by using a recent movement, Post-colonial Study that mainly focuses on the relationship between the Self and the Other, always intertwined together in considering one’ identity.  Ã‚   The Other is commonly identified with the margin, which has been oppressed or ignored by Eurocentric, male-dominated history.  Ã‚   Conrad is also conscious of the Other's interrelated status with the Self, but his main concern is the Self, not the Other, even though he deals with the natives.  Ã‚   As Edward W. Said indicates in his Orientalism, the Orient (or the Other) has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience.1  Ã‚   For Conrad, the Other becomes meaningful only so far as it gives some insight or information for the construction of Eurocentric self-image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Heart of Darkness, the story is set in the Congo, the literal battleground for colonial exploitation.  Ã‚   Marlow perceives natives along stereotyped Western lines, even though he also manifests a sense of sympathy towards suffering natives.  Ã‚   The natives cannot be understood or seen represented from their point of view.  Ã‚   The colonial aspects in Heart of Darkness begin to be explored through Marlow’ perspective of history.  Ã‚   Seeing history as cyclic, Marlow juxtaposes the Roman invasion with that of the present British imperial project.  Ã‚   According to Marlow, when Romans had first come to Britain, they might have felt the same way the British did in Africa: "the Romans first came here . . . darkness was here yesterday . . . savages, precious little to eat fit for a civilized man, nothing but Thames water to drink " (9-10). ... ...lism, Racism, or Impressionism?† Criticism (Fall, 1985) Burden, Robert. Heart of Darkness. London: Macmillan, 1991. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. ed. Robert Kimbrough. 3rd. edition. New York: Norton, 1988. Lionnet, Francoise. Autobiographical Voices. Cornell UP, 1988. Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978. ------------ The World, the Text, and the Critic. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983 ------------ Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1966) Shaffer, Brian. â€Å". Rebabarizing Civilization: Conrad’s African Fiction and Spencerian Sociology,† PMLA 108 (1993): 45-58 Thomas, Brook. "Preserving and Keeping Order by Killing Time in Heart of Darkness," in Heart of Darkness, ed. Ross Murfin, (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989)

Communication: Analysing and Presenting Complex Communication Essay

Introduction This report is for the second exam of the Communications unit of producing complex written business documents. The aim of this report is to know the customer services in the Renmin University and know whether it could meet the need of the students. The objectives of the report are to introduce different kinds of customer services in the Renmin University and how to offer these services for the students. It includes the facilities of teaching, condition of the education, facilities of living and organization and activities of students. And each of them has its own different parts to define the services. 2.0 Procedure To source this report: a) Information on the customer services was taken from internet websites. b) A number of books on customer services were consulted. c) Information was gathered from the official websites of the Renmin University. 3. Facilities of Teaching 3.1 General Information of the Facilities The Renmin University consists of 23 schools in addition to the Graduate School (the School of Science is in the process of being set up, and a Chemistry Department has been established.), thirteen university-level institutions, fourteen post-doctoral stations, plus one Adult Higher Education College, School of Education Training, and Shenzhen Research Institute. Each of the schools has its own teaching building to meet the daily needs of teaching. And they also have the special facilities for their special subjects, for example, the chemical laboratoriesï ¼Å'the multimedia classrooms and the computer rooms. So the facilities of the teaching of the Renmin University could meet the needs of the customer services of the students. 3.2 Library The library of the Renmin University was founded in 1937. And now, the library has 15 reading rooms in which there are more than 1,800 seats. The responsible for services of the reading rooms are including borrowing, consultation, inter-library loans, help with information requests, searches, binding, audio-visual services, and so on. The university established a new local network that adopts the UNICORN software system of the US SIRSI Company and SUN mainframe equipment at the end of 1999. And this network environment provides all the necessary functions for a convenient and prompt library service. The library has a book collection of 2,500,000 copies, covering all central fields of inquiry such as the humanities, the social sciences, economics, and administration. The holdings are especially strong in economics, law, philosophy, and history. The library also has a rich collection of electronic resources; this includes access to more than 200 data bases and disk-based materials from networks both at home and abroad. To facilitate the use of the collection, the library has established a set of ordered resource bases and data bases. Thus, the library offers convenient access so that readers can effectively use the digital resources of the library. 3.3 Gymnasium The gymnasium of the Renmin University is a multipurpose gymnasium. It is located at the west of the university. It covers over 1,400 square meters and the building area of it is 20,000 square meters. The total cost of it is more than 9,000 million. It includes the basketball courts, tennis courts indoor trackï ¼Å'gymï ¼Å'equipment roomï ¼Å'music room and so on. It is one of the most multipurpose gymnasiums of all the universities. The gymnasium is made of aluminum and Glass curtain wall which is very beautiful and unique. The gymnasium is becoming a landmark of the Renmin University because of its beautiful shape and complex structure. And it also becomes the place which the students could spend the part time to do sports. 4. Condition of the education 4.1 Teachers Now the Renmin University has 1,671 full time teachers, including 499 professors and 636 associate professors. The school has 13 teachers to be the members of the fifth State Council Academic Degrees Committee and has 13 professors to be selected as the members of the Social Science Council of the Ministry of Education. The numbers of these are in the front of the universities. The number of the excellent teachers is also in the front of the universities. In recent years, a large number of young scholars which have consummate education and courageous thinking of innovation become the famous scholars and the academic leaders having the great influence all over the world. All of these make the Renmin University nurture a lot of excellent graduates. 4.2 Quality Education The endeavor of quality education is to improve students’ understanding and awareness of culture and their ability to think by themselves through different kinds of courses. Some of the courses are very popular among students, such as the History of Western Civilization, Selected Readings in Literature and the History of Chinese Civilization. Some science courses are available as well in order to supplement students of humanities with more comprehensive abilities such as biology, physics and chemistry. The lectures on dance, music and art could help to better students’ aesthetic taste and ability to appreciate the accomplishments of those fields. The quality education and campus culture supplement each other at the Renmin University of China. It meets the needs of the students about developing their artistic ability and aesthetic taste. 4.3 Schools & Departments The Renmin University has put the undergraduate education on the base and the graduate education on the important place. And it also uses the continuing education to assist the daily teaching. All of these make the Renmin University form a comprehensive and multi-storey teaching structure. And the university is one of the universities which established the Graduate School. The Renmin University consists of 23 schools in addition to the Graduate School (the School of Science is in the process of being set up, and a Chemistry Department has been established.), thirteen university-level institutions, fourteen post-doctoral stations, plus one Adult Higher Education College, School of Education Training, and Shenzhen Research Institute. The school has 61 departments of professional degree, 8 departments of the second professional degree, ten departments of undergraduate education and so on. These departments could meet the needs of all the students. 5.0 Organization and Activities of Students 5.1 Students’ Organizations The Renmin University has a lot of Student Organizations. It is more than 124. Every year it will hold an assembly to enlist new members of the organizations. This is the most important magnificent ceremony of all the organizations. The organizations which are approbatory have six parts including education, theory, amusement, sports, public welfare and practice. It is beautiful scenery of the cultural life on campus. The Renmin University is famous for the students’ organizations which having lots kinds, large coverage, and great influence. The students of the Renmin University get the fun of youth and the growth of experience with taking part in the varied students’ activities. 5.2 Sports Teams The Renmin University has a lot of sports teams, such as basketball and volleyball teams, table tennis teams, men’s soccer, track and field and martial arts. They do well in women’s basketball, men’s volleyball, martial arts, and track and field at the National University Games and these teams are invariably among the top three in the universities of Beijing. The basketball teams and the men’s soccer are high-level sports teams of it, certified by the Ministry of Education. These two teams have represented Beijing in the National University Games on many occasions. And they have won the championship in Beijing University Sports Games on many years. The titles they have obtained include: the third place at the 2nd CUBA, the fifth place in men’s basketball at the 5th National University Games, the fourth place in men’s soccer in the preliminary rounds of the 6th National University Games, silver medalist at the 7th National University Games and seventh place in the final. 5.3 Social Practice The Renmin University has organized many forms of social activities in order to prepare its students for their future jobs. The Renmin University helps its students find institutions or organizations involved in social activities, and provide the students with the necessary financial support they need for participation. The professors and experts of the Renmin University have been arranged to give their students training and lectures on doing research, including how they can adapt themselves to their future jobs, how they can write their research reports and academic theses and how they should identify a problem and conduct research into it. The Youth Federation could bring students together and they are asked to talk about their experiences from their social activities. Then, other students can learn from them. Excellent reports and theses will be published, outstanding students or groups will be rewarded. And the Renmin University has set up a database to help the students get information and help from the university at any time and any stage necessary as programs for social activities are applied for and managed on the intranet. 6. Conclusion The Renmin University has many kinds of organizations and activities to meet the needs of its students. It takes the customer service of the school as an important part of the construction of the daily work. As a result, the students of it feel that the customer services of the school are good and their needs could be meet. The Renmin University offers the customer services not only on the hand of the material services but also on the other hand of the spiritual services. These make its students be satisfied of the services which offering by the university. The students living at the Renmin University could have good time in the part time. Because of the customer service of it included all kinds of daily lives. 7.0 Bibliography Print Sources: Books: Scottish Qualifications Authority, 2010, Communication: Analysing and Presenting Complex Communication, 3rd ed. Beijing, China Modern Economic Publishing House Scottish Qualifications Authority, 2010, Creating a Culture of Customer Care, 2nd ed. Beijing, China Modern Economic Publishing House Non-Print Sources: Internet Web Sites: The Renmin University of China, â€Å"Living at the RUC.† (Online) 2004, http://english.ruc.edu.cn/en/100374/ The Renmin University of China, â€Å"Schools & Departments.† (Online) 2004, http://english.ruc.edu.cn/en/100378/ The Renmin University of China, â€Å"Sources.† (Online) 2004, http://english.ruc.edu.cn/en/100375/

Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics

Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics Ever noticed how a hose spouting water in your favorite Saturday-morning cartoon always looked like it was a snake vomiting footballs? Despite the fact that the water coming out of the end of the hose was running smoothly, its still a pretty good representation of how blood flows through our veins: in waves that we call pulses. The Pressure of the Blood Blood pressure is the force  exerted against blood vessel walls by the blood as it flows through them. Because of the way arteries and veins are used by the circulatory system, arterial walls are much thicker and withstand higher pressures than venous walls do. Arteries have the ability to expand and constrict much more than veins can, which is necessary to adjust blood pressure. Because they exert that control, they have to be sturdy. When we measure blood pressure, we are measuring the pressure in the arteries. Usually, we measure the pressure in the brachial artery, although it is possible to measure blood pressure in other arteries as well. Blood pressure is manually measured using a stethoscope to listen blood flow turbulence, a cuff to constrict blood vessels enough to stop the flow, and a sphygmomanometer (big, fancy word for a pressure gauge and a squeeze bulb).   Electronic blood pressure monitors dont need humans (other than the one theyre testing) or stethoscopes. There are plenty of blood pressure monitors in homes today. If you have a blood pressure monitor or are considering buying one, you may be wondering what exactly blood pressure is and if you should monitor it. Why Does It Matter? Anyone who has left the water on in the garden has seen the hole that rushing water can make under pressure. That erosion can also happen in the body if high blood pressure is not treated. High blood pressure can also lead to strokes and aneurysms. An aneurysm is a weak spot in an artery that swells until it bursts, and hypertension makes that process happen faster. The Pulse Blood does not flow smoothly through arteries. Instead, it surges through the arteries each time the heart beats. That surge is known as the pulse and is easily felt through arteries in the wrist and neck. Even though blood is surging through the blood vessels, there is pressure on the vessels at all times. Indeed, the pulse we feel is really the difference between the pressure exerted against the arterials walls during the hearts rest and during the hearts contractions. Why an Upside Down Fraction? When blood pressure is measured, we commonly record the pressure as two numbers, one above the other,  like a fraction. The difference between a fraction and a blood pressure is that the top number of a blood pressure is always higher than the bottom number (example: 120/80). The top number is the systolic blood pressure. This is the pressure in the artery during the beating of the heart (systole). This is the pressure that creates the pulse we feel in the wrist or neck.The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure. This is the pressure that is always in the artery, even when the heart is resting between beats (diastole).

Subordinate Clauses and Commas

Subordinate Clauses and Commas Subordinate Clauses and Commas Subordinate Clauses and Commas By Jacquelyn Landis Writers like to sprinkle their work with subordinate clauses because they add variety to sentence structure. A reading diet too heavy with simple sentences or even compound sentences becomes wearisome quickly. Subordinate clauses- also known as dependent clauses- used skillfully can add complexity and artfulness to writing. A subordinate clause can either precede or follow its main clause. What writers tend to get confused about, however, is when and where to place commas in relation to subordinate clauses. The simple rule is this: If a subordinate clause precedes the main clause, separate the two with a comma: Unless you have a lot of money, steer clear of Rodeo Drive. If the subordinate clause follows the main clause, no comma is usually needed: Steer clear of Rodeo Drive unless you have a lot of money. Many writers wouldnt be able to resist the temptation to stick a comma between Drive and unless even though its not strictly necessary. Theres a natural pause that seems to call for a comma, but try to resist its call unless a pause is needed for special emphasis. One notable exception is when the subordinating conjunction because is used and the main clause expresses a negative concept: Don’t worry about your spelling errors because the editor will fix them. Omitting a comma in this sentence suggests the meaning that there’s another reason not to worry about the spelling errors: Don’t worry about your spelling errors because the editor will fix them; worry about them because you shouldn’t have made them to begin with. So if the real reason you shouldn’t worry about the spelling errors is, in fact, because the editor will fix them, we need a comma: Don’t worry about your spelling errors, because the editor will fix them. Watch out for because in your subordinate clauses. Scrutinize your sentences to make sure youre not clouding the issue and confusing your readers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormWhen to use "an"

Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Essay Example

Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Essay Example Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Paper Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Paper According to Table , Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris showed fermentative activity. However Proteus vulgaris only showed it for glucose, while E.coli showed it for all three of the carbohydrates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no fermentation. In table 3, the only bacteria which showed a production of indole was Escherichia coli. This is because E. Coli has the enzyme tryptophanase that can degrade the amino acid tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid and ammonia. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009)The idole produced by the bacteria binded with the p-dimethlyaminobenzaldehyde in the reagent to produce the red compound. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) In table 5, the Proteus vulagris was the only positive bacteria for the urease test. This means that Proteus vulagris is a rapid urease-positive organism. The restrictive amount of nutrients coupled with the use of pH buffers prevent all but rapid urease-positive organisms from producing enough ammonia to turn the phenol red pink. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) The Urease broth can be used to differentiate members of the genus Proteus. In table 7, the proteus vulgaris is the only positive bacteria. The reason for this result is that Proteus Vulgaris is positive in the hydrogen sulfide test because it can undergo anaerobic respiration using Sulfur as an electron acceptor. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009)In table 9, Bacillus subtilis showed positive result on the starch hydrolysis whereas Escherichia coli did not. Starch hydrolysis requires the presence of exoenzyme amylase to hydrolyze starch into smaller polysaccharides. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) Positive result of starch hyrdrolysis showed the ability of the mircoorgism to produce amylase. In table 11, showed that all of the bacteria are capable of producing catalase. Hydrogen peroxide is an superoxide which is able to be degraded by catalase. All of the bacteria where able to produce the enzyme to degrade it. In the oxidase test only Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a positive result. This is because it is the only microorganism out of the others which has oxidase. This means it takes part in cytochrome oxidase activity. Oxidase activates the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by molecular oxygen in aerobic organisms during electron transport. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) Oxidized cytochrome c transfers molecular oxygen to tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine when the reagent is added to growth of an oxidase positive organism. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) This experiment has the possibility of human error. Mistakes could have been made by failing to sterilize the inoculating loop correctly, which would result in possible contamination of the sample. Another error could have been possibly occurred by mislabeling the plates according to species, which would produce invalid results. In conclusion the experiment was successful. I learned to distinguish species of bacteria by cultivating in different media and doing some tests. I also practised the proper techniques of testing for fermentation of carbohydrates, production of indole, activity of urease, production of hydrogen sulfide, evidence of amylase activity, evidence of lipase activity, and evidence of protease activity. References Department of Biology, 2010, Biology 130 Fundamentals of Microbiology Laboratory Manual. University of Waterloo, Waterloo pp. 23 32. Goldman, Emanuel, and Lorrence H. Green. Practical Handbook of Microbiology. Boca Raton: CRC, 2009. Print. Madigan, Michael T., and Thomas D. Brock. Brock biology of microorganisms . 12th ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2009. Print. Observing Plates. Biology @ Davidson. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. bio.davidson.edu/people/dawessner/302/302Lab3.html.

Visual Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Visual Communication - Essay Example On the other hand, few experts (Candy, pp. 23-25) believe that contemporary form of art, such as films, television, music videos, digital photography are outcomes of inspirations and influences from previous art movements (Candy, pp. 23-25). Thus, all contemporary representations of art enjoy a deeper relationship with different periods of art in a meaningful manner. For instance, Surrealism was a significant and successful art movement of 1920s; however, studies have indicated that present artists are doing nothing but blending technology with traditional artworks of Surrealism, and few other art movements, such as Impressionism, Cubism, etc. Analysis of the literature (Surrealism.org, 2009) related to Surrealism has pointed out that present progression in the field of art has changed only the tools and equipments, and artists are still continuing to add visual elements of Surrealism that will be part of the discussion later in the paper. In the past, Surrealists used to create artworks by their hands and brushes while using the techniques, such as collage, furnage, heatage, bulletism, outagraphy, etc (Surrealism.org, 2009). Today, artists, especially of the music videos are using computer software instead of brushes to use the same techniques, in order to communicate with the audience visually, as well as to present their music in an enhanced and inspirational manner (Candy, pp. 29-36). This is one of the reasons that music videos have now become the influential tools to popularize a song, and despite of weak lyrics of a song, artistic music videos result in success of the music (Williams, pp. 47-61). In this regard, it has now become very important to identify factors that existed and played significant role during the art movement of Surrealism, and have continued to dominate the music videos in contemporary era of 21st century. For this

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Plan - Assignment Example injury and death caused or resulted from an auto accident and now a day’s some cars are invented and introduced in such a way that it consist of six or eight air bags. The value of this product is that at the time when the car crashes the momentum of the car changes instantly. The airbags acts as a constraint for helping or assisting the passengers to stop the passengers and also protecting and safeguarding the passengers. The air bag facilitates the passengers from the side swipes of the car , front on collisions etc and the airbags are designed in such a way that it prevents and restricts the injuries that are caused from the severe car accidents. The existence and the presence of the airbags will also influence the secure placement of child and infant. The most essential and the unique feature of the air bags are it transmits crash sensors that indicates and designed in such a way that the vehicle has been damaged in accident. The threat of substitutes of the airbag is that the substitute product and its existence in the market may drive the consumers to switch to the product of its competitors. The substitute product is considered as an alternative of the supply of the product in the market. Therefore the existence3 of substitute is considered as the threat of the company. The seat belt is considered as a substitute of the air bag by some of the customers or the passengers. The customers generally perceive that the seatbelts are designed and introduced in such a way that it provides comfort to its customers and there exist differences in the level of comfort that is being provided by the airbags and seatbelt. The front air bag is not capable of protecting the side and the roll over and the rear crashes. In this case on the basis of such differences the customers generally prefer or select the use of seat belt for the safety and protection for facing these types of crashes. The air bags are designed only to protect or safeguard the frontal crash

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers Essay

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers - Essay Example This statement is also used to show net profit or loss the company or business incurred after a given accounting period. Balance sheet also known as statement of financial position is a financial statement showing the summary of financial balance of a business. The statement also shows the company’s financial condition. The two financial statements have different accounting transactions presented in these statements (William et al, 2008). While income statement describes the performance of a business of the current year, balance sheet shows the company’s overall position as from the beginning of the year to the current year. The transactions posted on the balance sheet include assets, liabilities and equity, the balance sheet has three parts arranged in liquidity order, assets are followed by liabilities. The difference between assets and liabilities gives capital, in the balance sheet the records of each account is usually maintained using double entry book-keeping, which is an accounting system. The transactions posted on income statement include revenues and expenses, this statement is however, divided into two parts the operating and non-operating sections. The operating section shows information concerning the revenues and expenses of the business, which comes because of regular operations of a business. Non-operating section shows information not related to direct regular operations of the business (Dani els & Mortimer, 1980). Information from these financial statements is normally posted in different journals and ledgers. Transactions made on income statement affect it in different ways, for example, an increase in sales by a certain amount affect the income statement since it will provide an additional income thus increase in net profit and vice versa when income from sales reduces. These sales also have an effect of balance sheet. Employee’s transactions, which amount to

Global environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global environment - Research Paper Example Over the time, the elevation in the population rate declined the natural reservoirs. In other words, the natural resources are coming under intense pressure with its vast usage by the population that is creating a threat to the health of the entire population of the world. Moreover, it is also creating a warning sign for the social and economic development as well. This is due to the reason that natural reservoirs have come under consumption to the maximum level in the process of production as the inhabitants principally count on these resources the most, consequently, drastically impacting the environment on a global basis. â€Å"However, one of the principal and leading challenges that the planet Earth and its entire human race is encountering while crossing the threshold into the twenty first century is the universal environmental pollution and the climatic variation that comes under alliance to it. In addition, this global environment wears and tears are in a continuation process, which has become one of the foremost and focal concerns in the today’s life†. The thought that the public are exploiting the nature and the resources in order to meet the current needs gives rise to the question that are the human beings of this world deteriorating the natural resources that is one of the major needs for the future as well. According to studies and researches, it has come to an observation the developing countries with an intention to improve the living standards of the common people, these economies are utilizing the natural resources more rapidly and in a much accelerated pace than they are restoring or redeveloping these resources. As an outcome of it, these developing nations are creating a permanent and irremediable damage to the natural resources. Moreover, with carrying out an unbearable growth and expansion for the natural resources, the humankind is encouraging and giving rise to the ecological disasters that contribute to deteriorate the environment on an enduring basis. Water shortages, soil exhaustion, air and water pollution, lack of forestland and trees, and degradation of coastlines are few of the instances that are the leading contributing factors that may badly affect numerous regions and districts of the world. The records and evidences divulge the piece of information that the twentieth century was the epoch that witnessed a revolution that resulted in the strange and bizarre environmental turmoil. The human creatures and their actions and doings are the chief and salient causes that triggered such environmental turbulence. However, the global environm ent has dramatically affected the lives of not only the human beings but also the other living creatures such as marine life, plants, animals and many other types of species. Moreover, these environmental risk and jeopardy embrace shift in average temperature and the weather, weakening of the ozone layer, ecological change, urbanization and

Physics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Physics - Essay Example Besides this, he had inventions that made him unique among other physicists. In 1951, Bardeen left Bell Laboratories and went ahead to carry out his own research at Illinois. It is here that he won two major Nobel prizes in physics. His first Nobel Prize was the transistor in which he shared with William Shockley and Walter Brattain. The second Nobel Prize was for explanation of the theoretical concept of superconductivity. He shared this prize with Leon Cooper and Bob Schrieffer. The microscopic theory of superconductivity was also known as the â€Å"BCS Theory†. They were the first ones to give â€Å"a coherent explanation at the microscopic level of a wide range of intricate and fascinating phenomena in metals at low temperature, known as and related to superconductivity† (Bruus and Flensberg 325). Besides the two Nobel prizes making him different from the other scientific geniuses in physics of the twentieth century, his â€Å"remarkable modesty, his deep interest in the application of science, and his genuine ability to collaborate easily with experimentalist and theorist alike† added to his being distinguished (Bardeen 288). Nick Holonyak, his first electrical engineering graduate student did develop the light-emitting diode thus honoring John Bardeen. Ernest Rutherford was a British physicist born in 1871 in New Zealand (Marshall Cavendish Corporation 1501). According to Eve and Wilson, Rutherford was â€Å"one of the most eminent physicists ever, and earned his scientific reputation primarily by his pioneering contributions to radioactivity and nuclear physics† (Kragh 1). In 1907 in Canada, he was greatly involved in research at Mc Gill University where he discovered atomic nucleus or radioactivity. At Victoria University of Manchester (known as university of Manchester today) together with Thomas Royds, they were able to differentiate and name the alpha and the beta radiation. They did prove that the alpha radiation is the helium

Global environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global environment - Research Paper Example Over the time, the elevation in the population rate declined the natural reservoirs. In other words, the natural resources are coming under intense pressure with its vast usage by the population that is creating a threat to the health of the entire population of the world. Moreover, it is also creating a warning sign for the social and economic development as well. This is due to the reason that natural reservoirs have come under consumption to the maximum level in the process of production as the inhabitants principally count on these resources the most, consequently, drastically impacting the environment on a global basis. â€Å"However, one of the principal and leading challenges that the planet Earth and its entire human race is encountering while crossing the threshold into the twenty first century is the universal environmental pollution and the climatic variation that comes under alliance to it. In addition, this global environment wears and tears are in a continuation process, which has become one of the foremost and focal concerns in the today’s life†. The thought that the public are exploiting the nature and the resources in order to meet the current needs gives rise to the question that are the human beings of this world deteriorating the natural resources that is one of the major needs for the future as well. According to studies and researches, it has come to an observation the developing countries with an intention to improve the living standards of the common people, these economies are utilizing the natural resources more rapidly and in a much accelerated pace than they are restoring or redeveloping these resources. As an outcome of it, these developing nations are creating a permanent and irremediable damage to the natural resources. Moreover, with carrying out an unbearable growth and expansion for the natural resources, the humankind is encouraging and giving rise to the ecological disasters that contribute to deteriorate the environment on an enduring basis. Water shortages, soil exhaustion, air and water pollution, lack of forestland and trees, and degradation of coastlines are few of the instances that are the leading contributing factors that may badly affect numerous regions and districts of the world. The records and evidences divulge the piece of information that the twentieth century was the epoch that witnessed a revolution that resulted in the strange and bizarre environmental turmoil. The human creatures and their actions and doings are the chief and salient causes that triggered such environmental turbulence. However, the global environm ent has dramatically affected the lives of not only the human beings but also the other living creatures such as marine life, plants, animals and many other types of species. Moreover, these environmental risk and jeopardy embrace shift in average temperature and the weather, weakening of the ozone layer, ecological change, urbanization and

Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Critique - Essay Example much as the ethics vary from place to place and from person to another, a proper comprehension of the ethical values of your environment or that of the immediate society becomes a vital concern. This is important since it ensures a common or a mutual coexistence in such societies despite differences. The â€Å"Ideas of March† had been branded a fateful day in the Roman Empire calendar which also had a correspondence to other calendar dates. During this day, Stephen Meyers (Gov. Morris campaign manager), Paul Zara (Gov. Morris campaign aide) and Tom Duffy, (Pullman’s campaign manager) are presented in a campaign in which their ethical standards are subjected to a rigor of scrutiny. A thorough examination of the conduct of the three characters during their campaigns reveals that they have all broken the ethical standards. To begin with appears the rumpled Zara Paul (Philip Seymour Hoffman), who is Morris’s Chief assistant campaign manager. Paul Zara is described as a quite confident and a more devoted admirer of the governor and highlights on the key issues during his speech. The speech addresses the big issues such as military performance, global warming and taxation. However, the address of such issues has been common during the US elections. The latter entails chicanery, blackmail, inappropriate sex, bribery and as a result coerce many individuals to compromise not only their personalities but also declared principles hence sacrifice their ambitions in exchange for survival. The act of pushing individuals into decisions that do not auger well with their will amounts to break of ethical codes and standards set by a particular society. On the other hand, Stephen Myers (Ryan Gosling) appears to the podium where he begins his speech. On the podium, Stephen Myers begins his speech by addressing his religious preferences after which he begins to whistle and whisper into the microphone. Religion is a critical matter in most people lives as it is known to be the

Greed of Capitalists Essay Example for Free

Greed of Capitalists Essay In The Grapes of Wrath, the author, John Steinbeck utilizes intercalary chapters to portray the calamity and desolation that wandering farmers faced in Oklahoma during the Great Depression. Steinbeck employs chronic symbols, motifs, and specific narrative intervals to connect each intercalary chapter with its neighboring narrative counterparts in order to unify and strengthen the dominant themes of the novel. The intercalary episodes highlight perseverance of the Okies, the greed of capitalists, and the inhumanity of many who belittle the displaced families from Oklahoma. Despite the predicament of the meager farmers, Steinbeck provides his readers with a sense of hope through the respect for survivors and the tough pioneer spirit. Steinbeck highlights the perseverance of the Okies, in Chapters One and Three, through the turtle’s continuous struggle across the highway and the men’s resilient attitudes following tragedy. The turtle represents all the migrant workers that are evicted from their homes and fall victim to the hostile environment yet continue to persist through their journey, especially the Joads. The turtle in its attempt to make it through life â€Å"[boosts] and [drags] his shell along† representing the slow but determined traveling of the workers. In the same way that life becomes more difficult for the Okies, the hills get steeper for the turtle and â€Å"more frantic† grow its efforts (15). The Joads’ strong willed determination to make it to California provides a sense of hope that although it will be difficult and some person seeking the enjoyment of mocking one who is worse off than he is, may â€Å"[swerve] to hit [them]† their fortitude will result in triumph. In Chapter One the winds come and dust covers the lands demolishing all the crops. The women and children looked to see if the men would â€Å"break† knowing that as long as he stood firm â€Å"no misfortune was too great to bear.† The men remained relentless revealing the persistent nature of the Okies. Steinbeck demonstrates the injustice done unto the Okies, in Chapters Five and Seven, through the property owners and used car salesmen. In Chapter Five the owner men came to the Okies land to tell them they had to leave, the land was getting to be poor and they were unable to pay their taxes. The farmers protest, claiming that they have been on this land for generations and that they will have nowhere to go; they are told to go to California where there are many opportunities to make money. These families represent the Joads being kicked off their land by â€Å"the bank—the monster [who] has to have profits all the time†¦ When the monster stops growing, it dies. It can’t stay one size† (92). Steinbeck describes the greed and injustice of the â€Å"monster† with a tone of complete and utter antipathy revealing the lack of feelings and desensitization towards the suffering the farmers were being subject to. Later when the farmers choose to stay, the bank sends a man with a tractor to force the Okies off their land. The heartless man controlling the tractor seems to become a part of the machine, destroying any human sensitivity becoming incapable of intercession he does not even â€Å"look like a man† but rather he looks like â€Å"a robot in the seat† (94). The man blinded by greed chooses to forget his friends and convince himself that there is â€Å"no call to worry about anybody’s kids but [one’s] own.† The young man is willing to betray his community for a comfortable life, explaining to the tenant that he must knock down the tenant’s house, â€Å"got to keep the lines straight.† Tommy discovers, upon arriving home, that the same thing has happened to his old house. The connection between the two stories transfers a sense of sympathy towards the tenant farmers, and anger towards the inhumanity of the driver, to the story of the Joads. In chapter seven Steinbeck highlights the injustice done to the Okies by describing the used car salesman and the way he tricked tenant farmers out of excessive amounts of money. The tenant farmers, new to the world of salesmen, don’t have a choice to be without a car and are forced to ignore the fact that they are being sold a run down car for a price that far exceeds the amount it is worth. The chapter is written in a singsong melodic format in order to symbolize the bounce of a car rolling down the road, quick-paced and crude. Throughout the chapter a car salesman and his assistant utilize the lack of knowledge and desperation of the evacuees to force them into deals by complaining that they’re â€Å"taking up [their] time then walking out† on the deal. The disrespect and blasphemy of the salesmen creates more sympathy for the Okies and anger towards those who choose to exploit them. When the Joads go to sell they’re whole lives they are only give eighteen dollars, a very low price compared to what they deserved. The appalling situations that the Okies are found in combined with the malicious manner with which those who are better off treat them causes the readers to feel compassion for the ex-tenants. The ninth chapter of the book describes a family being forced to leave, and take with them only that which they can carry. Another family comes to buy the house and begins to pick through the once precious belongings of the owners. They sell what they can of the tenant’s past and burn the rest. All the while the tenant’s are crying out â€Å"How can we live without our lives? How will we know it’s us without our past? No. Leave it. Burn it.† After watching their belongings go up in flames the Okies no longer have a desire to stay and choose to leave their old life behind and drive on. Being forced to watch their personal belongings burn without a morsel of understanding from the buyers causes the readers to feel sorrow for the Okies. The Okies encounter many people on their journey to California, some who work to improve life for everyone. The Joads however tend to come across people who are greedy and only seek to better themselves, not caring who they hurt in the process. Steinbeck writes his novel in this way to develop his main point that greed and capitalism is causing the dehumanization in America. He is creating a passion in his readers to stand up against the longing for wealth and ease and start helping others even when it may not be best for you. Steinbeck hopes to awaken humanity in America and fight against the black whole of greed. Americans must heed to his novel and apply it to today’s society as much as they would have in Steinbeck’s period.

The Effects Of Brand Perception: Consumer Buying Behaviour

The Effects Of Brand Perception: Consumer Buying Behaviour In this topic, I will talk about the The effects of brand perception on the consumers buying behaviour in the Indian Laptop Market. As India is a developing country, and there is a growth in the industries and people need new products and services. Here one of such industries is the Computer Hardware industry. Companies have been seeing unprecedented growth. Companies like Hewlett Packard, Apple, Dell, Sony viao, Lenovo and Acer have been giving tremendous importance to Indian markets launching products in the western markets and India. At the same time the personal disposable income of Individual has been on a rise which is leading to the Laptops increasing sale in India. Here the customers are satisfied about the product even when there is a cut throat competition. Today, every company is trying to get a share of the great Indian market space and a share of the consumers mind space and it has been only difficult for companies to achieve such a feat. In order to achieve the same, companies have to realize the importance of brand perception towards their products in order to get information regarding problems faced by them while using the laptop such that they can rectify the same in their future products. It is at this kind of scenario that this proposal, The effects of brand perception on the consumers buying behaviour in the Indian Laptop Market comes to the spotlight. This proposal is an attempt to study the level of consumers buying behaviour towards laptops; reasons for choosing a Laptop market is because India is one of the most populated country in the world, there are people living with different culture, languages and from different geographical locations. So consumers look into the brands level of quality, reliability and efficiency in a laptop. 1.4 Statement of problem: As India is a developing country, there is a lot of growth in the IT Industry and their is a competition in the market. There are a lot of players in the market the leading PC manufacture in the world and one of the leading manufactures in India, Likewise Dell falls in the second and Lenovo in the third position and the market stands with maintaining the leads with 17.2 %, 14.4 % and 6.8 %. There are other competitors like Toshiba, Acer, Sony, Apple etc.. (Ogg Erica 2007) Which are there in the market and looking for market share in a country like India for its growing PC users here, I will be finding out the perception of the consumer buying and the after affects of buying a branded laptop. Since the consumers want better performance and rich experience from their PCs and better design programs which will ensure that PC users have a added level of information to make a better choice. 1.5 Research Questions: In this proposal, The effects of brand perception on the consumers buying behaviour in the Indian Laptop Market will be discussed. Therefore the question to this key research is how consumers in India look into the preference of brand while buying a Laptop and how the Consumer buying behaviour affects the purchase of brands? 1.5.1 Aims Objectives: As discussed, the brands can affect the behaviour of the consumers in the way they buy the product according to the standard of life and hierarchical need of the consumer. The Aim of this proposal is to find out the perception of the brand and how it affects of buying behaviour and decision in the Indian Market. To identify the demanded and owned laptop brands in the Indian market To identify the factors affecting the consumers perception and the buying behaviour in purchasing the laptop. Finding out the perception of the laptop users to their brand to the others by comparing the market. To find out the relation between the brand perception and the consumer buying behaviour in India. 1.5.2 Research Hypothesis: H1: Indian consumers prefer the top three brands over the other brands or assembled laptop. I will be conducting a hypothesis based on the result of the feedback I get from the consumers buying behavior questionnaire I have depicted these results in term of Pai chart or Bar Chart. 2. Literature Review: According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (2009) Indian economy has been witnessing a phenomenal growth since the last decade, the country is still holding its ground in the midst of the current global financial crisis. Even in the world economy is beginning to recover from the one of the worst economic downturns in decades. According to Ministry of finance (2009) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 7.5 per cent, 9.4 per cent and 9.6 percent in first three years, with an average growth rate of 8.8 per cent, The drivers of growth continue to be services and manufacturing which are estimated to grow at 10.7 per cent and 9.4 per cent respectively in 2008-09. While the sector-wise growth of GDP in agriculture, forestry and fishing was at 2.6 per cent in 2008-09, industry witnessed growth to 7.5 per cent of the GDP in 2008-09. It tells us about the GDP growth of the country, thus the average personal in India has a disposable income, where he is looking for the better style of leaving in the country. Here technology also comes into the role of a human being, and since the growth of the country the industrial sector has seen a lot of change and the IT hub. They are in need of better laptops as an industry to carry a brand which is more known in the global market. According to Aspalter C, On 2000 India showed itself to be the worlds second demographic billionaire. If current situation or trends continue, India may overtake china in 2045 to become the most populous country in the world Even though they have mentioned poor state of the Indian Economy has said the people who are poor will remain the same and the rich one become richer and richer. Even in such a situation the Indian market is not dropped in its sales of laptop, this show the stability of the country. Even in a global issue the laptops have been started as a green Laptop. According to John Brandon (2007) In most cases, a laptop also complies with European regulations on lead-free computing, such as the RoHS (Restrictions of Hazardous Substances) and WEEE (Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment), which is a mandated disposal code in Europe. Lead is used primarily in soldering parts together on a computer, but RoHS and WEEE encourage companies to use other means for building a PC. In this there are four brands which have come up with Green Laptops like Apple, HP, Sony and Gateway. The gradual trend towards liberalization of the Indian economy during the past decade has served as a major factor in its progressive shift towards a global economy and the entry of foreign brands from Europe and US into this market. In fact the 1990s decade and beyond have been characterized by major structural changes in the Indian consumer markets evolution, including those of increased competition, product availability in terms of both quality and quantity, as well as increased levels of awareness and propensity to consume. A large and rapidly growing urban middle and upper class consumer market made up of 300 million, which approximates one-third of its present population, constitutes the market for branded consumer goods, with the latter estimated to be growing at 8 percent per annum (Indian Market Demographics Report, 2002). A recent increase in the number of middle class families with higher household income has led to a rise in disposable income (Business India Intelligence, 2005). The rapidly expanding middle class consumers of India, with their increasing purchasing power, constitute the primary market for branded foreign goods (Bharadwaj et al., 2005). The increase in consumer spending is evidenced by the current growth of the Indian retail industry, in addition to the expected growth to a $500 billion industry by the year 2010 (Field Anne, 2005). Since the economy of the country started growing the lot more MNCs started coming to the Indian market, which lead to the growth of many brands in Indian market. Likewise even the basic necessary thing of the human also changed thats when Brand came into the market. A brand is a name, term, symbol or a design or a combination of them which is intent to identify the goods or services of one seller or group or sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Kotler, 1991, p. 442). Branding is the process of finding and fixing the means of identification. It is nothing but naming the product. According to Motameni. R and Shahrokhi. M (1998:275) Brand names and trademarks usually tells, you about the products bearing the marks whether it will be of offering quality. Branding also enables a producer to obtain the same benefits of offering products to the consumers an unique or superior quality and provide an opportunity to transfer this identifiable relationship to other products or service. Building a brand driven culture is a life time commitment in the minds of the customers. It takes a lot of time and planning to produce a intangible output where there is a higher customer satisfaction , price sensitivity, with the higher no of repeated business (Bhimrao M. Ghodeswar 2008:4) According to Chernatony and McDonald, (1998). A successful brand is identified as a product, service, person or place, it is augmented in a way that the user or buyer of perceives relevant, unique added values these are some of the needs which mostly matches closely According to Vittamsetty (2009:6), A brand can convey the consumers through six levels as shown below: Attributes Benefits Values Culture Personality User Brand Conveying the Consumer Attributes: Brand Attribute is a bundle of features that highlight the physical and personality aspects of the brand. Benefits: Creating distinctive and durable perceptions in the minds of consumers. Values: the brand tells about values which says same thing about the product values. Culture: the brand represents a different culture. Personality: a brand project a personality which can be person, animal or object. User: the brand suggests its own target audience to use the product. Brand promise is the benefits both functional and emotional benefits are arrived from the essence of that customers can expect to receive from experiencing a brands products and services, which reflects the heart, soul, and spirit of the brand of the product (Knapp, 2000). As the market for brand increased the human basic needs changed for e.g. from the Desktop to the Laptop. Thats when the market for laptop increased. Before only the executive used to carry the laptops now a common man uses a laptop, (Image 1). According to Raja Simhan T.E. (2006) the laptop, also known as a notebook PC, Laptop is no longer a luxury item as against the `wow effect it was a few years ago. Much like other products, it is being displayed on the shelves of big supermarkets and retail shops, moving from the exclusive confines of exotic showrooms. Before, when the word `laptop was uttered, one could think of visualizing only executives carrying it. Today all segments, including students and households, are buying these `notebooks/laptops. These products are for the people who on the laptop have become an indispensable tool. What with overcrowded roads and traffic snarls, the average travelling time in metros such as Mumbai and Bangalore has only gone up, here and now days t he laptop is a cool tool that helps professionals to keep working and thus save time. The Growth of India is so much there are companies who are ready to manufactures laptops for rupees 500 that is $ 10 which is the target price but when it comes to the manufacturing of large quaintly the price may reduce even more. According to Sakshat Many bloggers and foreign newspapers are understandably skeptical. Atanu Dey, a blogger, wrote that if the Indian government was successful in pulling off this technological miracle, it would imply that either other global computer manufacturers and industries are either incompetent, or else they are a part of a scam, producing stuff at low prices and selling them at a huge margin. According to the Industrial News (2008) India As laptops become is become more affordable and to the consumer preference as compared, laptop sales in India has hit a 114 per year-on-year growth rate in 2008 with 1.8 million nos. This growth rate will exceeds to the desktop PCs, which is predicted to soon be overtaken by laptop units in a very less time. According to Indias Manufacturers Association for Information Technology (MAIT), laptops have 25 percent of the total PC market in 2007-2008; will be shooting up from less than 3 percent in 2004. The current ratio of laptops to desktops in the country is 20:80; where to the competition of the market and it is predicted to reach 50:50 in the next few years. Laptops have become competitive in the price there is a war against desktops due to the appreciation of Indian currency rupee, which made imports cheaper than we had taught. Also propelling the soaring the demand of laptops are increasing in the market for their sleek designs, enhanced security functions and various built-in accessories. The laptop enterprise particularly favours faster processors, increased portability and connectivity, according to industry analysts. 3. Methods of analysis: 3.1 Research Methodology: The research undertaken is determined by the approach used by the researcher (Aaker, 2000). According to Carl (2004) marketing research is the function where it links the consumers and the marketers with an exchange of information .By conducting a market research we will be able to revile the problems and the opportunities in that market, this helps us in understanding the performance of the industry. This research involves collecting data of the market research problems, designing the methods of the data collection process, analysing and finding the report of the data collected in the research for their implication. 3.1.1Type of Study: The Research will be of inductive in nature. Since I will be collecting data from questionnaire, I would be conducting a primary research. It is a survey method. The objective is to study the brand perception on the consumer buying behaviour with reference to laptop market in India. A structured questionnaire is designed to collect the primary data. Based on the data collected table are drawn and inferences are made. 3.4 Type of Data: Data will be obtained and collected from a structured questionnaire and other published sources. 3.4.1 Sources of Data: The Dissertation will be compiled using facts, figures, information and analysis by the researcher. The information of Laptop industry will be collected and taken from two sources. The two sources will be: Primary source Secondary source. 3.4.2 Tools of Data Collection: Tools used for collection of data can be classified into two major categories: Primary data: The structured questionnaires will be made and distributed to all the users of the laptops. By using Internet-mediated questionnaires will be sent through the mail across India, and will also be sending questionnaires by post, e-mail, or directly talking to the users of the Laptop. Secondary data: Data will be obtained and collected from the various sources via: through books, database websites, online articles, journals and publications on the internet. And all the report that will be collected for the laptop companies will also be considered as the secondary data. 3.5 Sampling Design: This questionnaire will be sent to the number of laptop users leaving in different parts of the country India, for finding out the consumers perception of different laptop brands. In the same time will also do a face to face interview with the Indian community who are residing in Bangor University, the information which is collected from different views of the people which are reliable and convenient to present on behalf of the whole India. 1) Sampling unit: The sampling unit is limited to the users of laptop computers within the country India and students of Indian who are studying in Bangor University. 2) Sampling size: Number of respondents will be taken into consideration it could vary depending upon the data i get from the secondary resources the primary research sample size would be in the region of 200 to 400. 3) Sampling technique: The Sampling technique which I will be using might be convenience technique. 3.6 Ethical considerations: Respondents were either vague or incomplete at times which makes the interpretation little difficult. The research will be considered in a right way. Conclusion: Brand perception is difficult to be comprehended in the Indian laptop market, sine the market of the consumers keeps changing rapidly. So the products or the services keep changing according to the market to attract the consumers behavior towards their product service. So this research can give an edge to the brand affects their buying behavior and the perception of the experienced consumers. It also tells you about the buying behavior of the consumers responsible for the increase and decrease of the brand sales. Timescale/plan: Appendix 1 The Questioner: Appendix 2 Reference: Aaker, D.A., Joachimsthaler, E. (2000), Brand Leadership Aspalter, Christian (forthcoming), The Welfare State System in India, In C. Aspalter (ed.), The Welfare State in Emerging-Market Economies: With Case Studies from Latin America, Central Europe,and Asia, Casa Verde Publishing: Taipei. (Online) Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldAbstractOnlyArticle/Pdf/0310221102.pdf (Accessed on 1rd Dec 2009) Bhimrao M. Ghodeswar (2008). Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model. Journal of Product Brand Management. 17 (1) p 4 (Online) Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0960170101.pdf (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Bharadwaj, V.T., Swaroop, G.M. and Vittal, I. (2005), Winning the Indian consumer, McKinsey Quarterly, Special edition, pp. 42-51. Business India Intelligence (2005), Spreading their sales, Business India Intelligence, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 1-2. Chernatony, L. and McDonald, M. (1998), Creating Powerful Brands, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Field, Anne. (2005), Passage to India, available at: http://retailtrafficmag.com/ India Market Demographics Report (2002), National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi.MIP 24,126 where in Neelam Kinra (2006) The effect of country-of-origin on foreign brand names in the Indian market: Marketing Intelligence Planning 24 (1) p. 16 (Online) Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0200240102.pdf (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Indian Economy Overview (2009), Indian Brand Equity Foundation. P 1 (Online) Available at http://www.ibef.org/economy/economyoverview.aspx (Accessed on 2nd Dec 2009) Industry News (2008), Laptop sales growth overtake that of desktops in India. Journal of Trade Media Holdings, (Online) Available at http://www.globalsources.com/gsol/I/Laptop/a/9000000098983.htm (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) John Brandon (2007) PC Today: Green Laptops Choose A Notebook That Is Environmentally Friendly Long On Charge. 5(6) pp 22-23 (Online) Available at http://www.pctoday.com/Editorial/article.asp?article=articles/2007/t0506/05t06/05t06.aspguid= (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Knapp, D.E. (2000), The Brand Mindset, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, pp. 33, 36, 103. Where in Bhimrao M. Ghodeswar (2008) Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model in Journal of Product Brand Management. 17 (1) p 4 (Online) Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0960170101.pdf (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Kotler, P (1991), Marketing Management, 7th ed, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, . Lou Pelton (2009). Indian consumers purchase behaviour toward US versus local brands. By International Journal of Retail Distribution Management 37 (6) p. 510 (Online) Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0890370603.pdf (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Ministry of finance. (2008-09). Union Budget. Available: http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2008-09/bh/bh1.pdf. Last accessed 3 March 2010. Motameni. R and Shahrokhi. M (1998), Brand equity valuation: a global perspective. Journal of Product and Brand management. 7 (4) p 275 (Online) Available at http___www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=ArticleFilename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0960070401 (Accessed on 2nd Dec 2009) Raja Simhan T.E. (2006), Business Line. Journal of The Hindu Business Line. (Online) Available at http://www.blonnet.com/ew/2006/01/30/stories/2006013000090100.htm (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Sakshat (2009), Dance with Shadows. (Online) Available at http://www.dancewithshadows.com/tech/the-rs-500-10-computer-has-a-name-sakshat/ (Accessed on 3rd Dec 2009) Vittamsetty. (2009). Brand awareness of airtel. Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/23427572/Brand-awareness-of-airtel. Last accessed 8 March 2010. Ogg Erica. (2007). Acer aces out Lenovo as worlds third-largest PC maker. Available: http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9726089-7.html. Last accessed 4 March 2010. Appendix 1: Questionnaire: Dear Sir / Madam, I, Mayukha Devangi M, am a student of Bangor University, Wales, UK doing my MBA in Management. As a part of my curriculum, I am conducting a research to identify the brand perception and consumer buying behaviour in relation to Indian laptop market. It would be appreciated if you gave your precious time and cooperation to complete this questionnaire. General Information 1. Do you own a Laptop? Yes No 5. Factors which affect your decision making process while purchasing your personal laptop. Please Circle the preference as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1 = Very important, 2 = Important, 3 = Not sure, 4 = Not important, 5 = Not at all important. Brand perception 1 2 3 4 5 Processing Speed 1 2 3 4 5 Sound 1 2 3 4 5 Quality 1 2 3 4 5 Style Appearance 1 2 3 4 5 Price 1 2 3 4 5 Graphic Option 1 2 3 4 5 Battery Backup 1 2 3 4 5 Weight 1 2 3 4 5 3. Gender Male Female 2. Which company Laptop do you own? HP Acer Lenovo Dell Apple Sony Vaio Other ________ 4. Your age lies between (in years)? 18 ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­..24 25..30 31..35 Above 36 6. Are you a permanent resident of India? Yes No 12. What is your annual total income (In Indian Rupees)? Less than 100,000 Between 100,000 300,000 Between 300,000 500,000 Between 500,000 800,000 Above 1,000,000 11. If you were using another brand earlier, why did you shift to the present laptop? Better Brand Better Price Better Quality Not satisfied with laptop Quality / Efficiency Other ____________________ 10. If yes, which brand of computer were you using? HP Acer Lenovo Dell Apple Sony Vaio Other ________ 9. Before buying a laptop, have you owned any other laptop? Yes No 8. How are you motivated to purchase a particular brand of laptop? Highly motivated Not at all motivated Motivated Not sure Not motivated Word of mouth (friends / Family) 1 2 3 4 5 Advertisement 1 2 3 4 5 Store communication (Customer Service) 1 2 3 4 5 Reputation of the brand 1 2 3 4 5 I prefer my own choice, needs 1 2 3 4 5 7. What has attracted you to buy this brand of laptop? Price Offers Service Free Gifts Brand Name Other__________ mayau 13. Which of the laptop is best within the following Price (In Indian Rupess)? HP, Acer, Lenovo, Dell, Apple, Sony Vaio, Toshiba, Other Plz specify___________________________ Below Rs 30,000 ______________, Rs 30,000 40,000________________, Rs 40,000 50,000 ____________, Rs 50,000 80,000 _____________, Above 80,000 _________ 14. If someone asks you to help suggest a new laptop, which one would you suggest? HP Acer Lenovo Dell Apple Sony Vaio Other _______ 15. If you are asked to place the following four Laptop manufacturing companies in the diagram below; where you will place them? HP HP Apple A Lenovo L Dell D Sony Vaio SV Low Price Poor quality Good quality High Price Thank you Appendix 2: Image 1:

La Vida de un Imigrante :: essays research papers

La Vida de un Imigrante   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  La dificultad de la vida de un imigrante es inmensa. Las razones por la cual migren pueden ser por mejorar su situatcià ³n social, econà ³mica, 'o acadà ©mica. Nunca es fà ¡cil adaptarse a otro sistema cultural. El Lenguaje y la forma de vida son algunas transecciones que es necesario hacer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alberto es uno de los muchos Dominicanos que deciden migrar a los Estados Unidos. Su situacià ³n en la Repà ºblica Dominicana era muy desgradable, y la paciencia de esperar por sus papeles fueron disminuyendo. Con esto en mente el decide hacer en viaje a Puerto Rico por via del canal de la Mona. Para muchos Dominicanos esto significa la mitad del camino. Al estar en la isla de Puero Rico el esperava movimiento del mercado bajo para papeles 'o matrimonio para la misma razà ³n. Despuà ©s de sietà © mesà ©s Alberto llegà ³ ha los Estados Unidà ³s con papeles ilegales.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Su vida aquà ­ le a salido muy difà ­cil. Su mayor problema ha sido conseguir trabajo. La situacià ³n de empleo en este paà ­s esta en malos momentos, pero para un imigrante es el doble de peor. El no puede conseguir un trabsjo que no seà ¡ en una factoria 'o de limpeza. La razà ³n principal es porque no domina el Inglà ©s al nivel que hay que diminarlo.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Su dominià ³ del Inglà ©s es su segundo problema. No solà ³ lo impidà © en obtener empleo, pero tambien de conozer otras personas en genà ©ral. El me decà ­a que el se desesperaba, pero no se volvà ­a loco. La mayorà ­a del tiempo se la pasaba en the computadora, y viendo la televicià ³n. Con el tiempo encontro refugio en su familia, pero todavà ­a despuà ©s de tanto tiempo sin salir, el se sentà ­a aislado.

Compare Popes and Swifts Ideas on Reason Essay -- essays research pape

Reason’s Significance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important differences between humans and all other forms of life can be seen in our ability to think and rationalize our decisions and choices as humans. Without reason, we as humans would be no different than a cat or dog. God, in his infinite wisdom, blessed man with the ability to reason, but left it entirely up to us whether or not we choose to use it. Alexander Pope and Jonathon Swift, two prominent writers of the eighteenth century, take two very different approaches when it comes to the importance or insignificance of reason. Pope chooses to argue that reason is the balancing factor in our lives and helps us to achieve the most possible success if we listen to its judgment. Swift, on the other hand, chooses to take reason to the extreme and show the effects of its very possible distortion. Although entirely different, these men show the very best and worst applications of reason. In â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels,† Jonathon Swift shows what happens when we place too much emphasis on reason. In his satire, Swift pokes fun at those who are consumed with the Enlightenment way of thinking. He believes that to place reason in such high esteem is not as necessary as some are making it out to be. Although he seems to believe that reason has its place in our society and every day life, it is not the governing factor by which we should live. In â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† we see what can happen when people loose touch with reason and the consequences that follow their decisions. In Gulliver’s third voyage to the island of Laputa, Swift pokes fun at those that are obsessed with learning science and abstract thought. He gives us a detailed account of the inhabitant’s lives and daily activities. He begins to describe the Laputians physically by saying that they always have their head tilted to one side or another. He also talks of the eyes of the citizens. He claims that one is poked out, looking upward and the other is turned slightly inward. Swift satirizes their attention span as well. He tells that someone must follow the inhabitants around and continuously poke their ears or mouths because their attention span is so short and they must be remind to pay attention. He even goes as far as to make fun of the clothes they wear. He tells that they are covered with musical instruments and various forms of celestial... ...oes on around us. Pope shows us the importance of having reason and how it serves as a guard for the ultimate fulfillment of our lives as both humans and individuals. Without the ability to reason, we would make many mistakes and would quite possibly be very disappointed in ourselves and in the way our lives turn out. He presents man as unique with only humans having the ability to reason. He also shows the importance of free choice showing that we ourselves chose whether or not we listen to reason. Animals merely give into their passions, but man has a choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall I must say that I enjoyed both of these interesting, insightful and quite disturbing accounts of the importance of reason and what happens when it no longer used. I would have to say that I enjoyed reading Pope’s account of the importance of reason much more, but Swift was also quite interesting. It amazes me how two men are able to look at one principle and interpret it in two completely different manners. Whether we choose to value reason or cast it aside, I have learned we must be careful not to take it to either extreme, for therein the problems lie. Hope this helps all you guys!!!

Life is a Gift Essay

Life is a gift. It is an honor; a spark; an excitement. We all have a world of our own. A wise author, Albert Camus, once stated, â€Å"you will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life† (Albert Camus). Life is about living to your fullest abilities; why waste our time looking for the meaning of each breath we take? Each person is a part of life. Each life has a world of its own. I believe that the meaning of life, defined by Victor E. Frankl, is to find meaning in our own life. Each and every person on this planet has a meaning to his own life, and is a unique and independent individual. And so, the question comes along, â€Å"Who am I? † The answer is I. I am who I am, and not one person can ever change that. My life is exceedingly meaningful, and is made up of a series of rituals, experiences, a plentiful amount of mistakes, and many various emotions. According to the article, The Rite of Passage, a ritual â€Å"help[s] us understand the changes in our lives and give meaning to experiences† we undergo. Rituals express who we are today, as well as the sum total of our actions, feelings, and thoughts that makes each person in this world, a single, individual person. An example of a major ritual and life-changing event in the Odyssey is the trial of the bow. During this scene, a disguised Odysseus surpassed a difficult task, as he without effort strung the challenging bow. Odysseus, after laying the arrow on the arch, shot the mighty bow â€Å"with careful aim, not miss[ing] an axe’s ring from first to last† (Homer 2011). This scene makes a change in not only Odysseus’s life, but also his son, Telemachus, and his wife, Penelope. The trial of the bow is an important Rite of Passage, offering significance to each one of their lives. Just like Odysseus, I have progressed through a numerous amount of rituals, along with experiences, mistakes, truths and actions, all leading up to the fourteen year old girl I am today. Although each person has a different opinion on what surrounds us, I believe the nature of the universe is full of the unknown. The world is a scary place to be in, it encloses us in, with nothing but mystery. It is a frightening thing, to move on with your life not knowing what will happen in the next few moments, but that is what life is all about; the unknown. We surround ourselves with questions that can never be answered; yet we need to learn to live life in the present, not thinking about the future with every step we take. No one in this world is fearless, in fact, according to H. L. Mencken, â€Å"The one permanent emotion of the inferior man is fear – fear of the unknown, the complex, the inexplicable. What he wants above everything else is safety† (H. L. Mencken). In agreement to Mencken, nothing in this world is safe; we waste seconds; minutes; hours; even days worrying about our fears. Worrying about our fears of the unknown. I believe we can’t relate to this unknown universe, however, we can live with it. Instead of waking up each day wondering what the unknown is, we need to wake up everyday focusing on what we do know, and interpreting that information into what we understand. In order to find the meaning in our lives, we each need control over our lives. I control my life one hundred percent. I make me own decisions, choose my individual actions, and control my responses. We have complete control over our own lives. However, the one think we do not have control over is other people’s actions and decisions. Although we have the power in our individual lives, others may influence our judgments, choices, and conclusions. All of these factors affect whom we are, along with the fact that we can’t control others reactions, which may cause poor influence on us. For example, in the novel, The Odyssey, Odysseus sails a long journey home, facing many distractions, challenges, and adventures. He encounters many different monsters that stop him in his path, including Cyclops, The Sirens, and Poseidon. Although Odysseus can control his actions, and the way he fights, he has a weakness when it comes to his opponents. Just like Odysseus, we can control our actions and responses, but when it comes to having others involves, we have no control over how they can act and make their choices. Living life freely, with no regrets, and accomplishing all of our goals. That is a satisfying life. Taking risks, without worrying, loving ourselves, being happy with our achievements, and experiencing all different emotions is what life is all about. A variety of different feelings occur throughout our lives; we need happiness, excitement, fears, anger, and even tears to lead a fulfilling life. In the independent reading novel, entitled Speak; Melinda Sordino writes about emotions and feelings, â€Å"When people don’t express themselves, they die one piece at a time† (Anderson 58). Melinda believes the reasons people need to express themselves is because everyone needs to experience all kinds of emotions in order to interact and stay alive. In the Odyssey, Both Odysseus and Telemachus are involved by an overwhelming amount of emotions. Without the emphasis of their feelings without the novel, the story would have much less meaning and would not be as dramatic. Emotions add to our everyday conversations and feelings towards each other. We need them to live a satisfying, enjoyable life. I believe, in order to find the meaning of my life, I need to sit back, relax, and let the question answer itself. In order to survive, and live for as long as possible, I have to enjoy my life in the present. Not be thinking about the future, and where life is going to take me; but live life as it is brought to me, rather then bringing myself to my life. By being patient and letting my life come to me as time goes on, I am sure to survive for a longer, happier, and more exciting period of time. Yet, at the conclusion to each person’s life, the certainty of death must strike. Getting ourselves ready for this unpredictable day is very easy, as long as we’ve accomplished everything that we have set out to achieve, death may appear whenever it feels the need to. It is a misfortunate thing, though, as some deaths develop so quickly and suddenly, we do not have time to say our goodbyes. Nor do the victims have time to achieve their goals, and pass on wishes. An example of a sudden death is in the novel entitles Lost for Words, by Alice Kuipers. In the story, Sophie’s older sister died traumatically in a sudden train bombing. Due to the death, it ripped Sophie’s family apart. They stopped talking to each other, and everything became awkward between her and her mother. Because of the unpredictable death at such a young age, her sister was, sorrowfully, not ready for her time to come. She may have not achieved her goals in life, and got to take as many risks as life leads her too, making it an even bigger tragedy for Sophie and her family. There were a number of dreadful deaths in the Odyssey as well. These included Odysseus’ crew, Odysseus’ mother, and many suitors. From reading all of these disastrous scenes and stories about death, I have learned that in order to reconcile myself for the inevitability of death, I need to start living my life with many risks, and no regrets. By living my life without any doubts, and enjoying my life in the present, I can be sure to live a long, satisfying life, ready for the fate of death for whenever it decides to doom on me. I believe the meaning of life, is to find meaning in our own, individual lives. By waiting for life to come to me, and enjoying the present in a way of happiness, enjoyment, and risks, I can be sure to eventually come to a full understanding of why I am here, living today. Each life has a world of its own, and each person his own life. Each person in this world will have a different story to share, and a different meaning and impact on our world today.

Math Internal Assessment Gold Medal Heights

Gold Medal Heights The heights achieved by gold medalists in the high jump have been recorded starting from the 1932 Olympics to the 1980 Olympics. The table below shows the Year in row 1 and the Height in centimeters in row 2 Year| 1932| 1936| 1948| 1952| 1956| 1960| 1964| 1968| 1972| 1976| 1980| Height (cm)| 197| 203| 198| 204| 212| 216| 218| 224| 223| 225| 236| They were recorded to show a pattern year after year and to reveal a trend. The data graph below plots the height on the y-axis and the year on the x-axis. Data Graph 1 Height (cm) Height (cm) Year YearIn Data Graph 1 the data shown represents the height in cm achieved by gold medalists in accordance to the year in which the Olympic games were held. The Graph shows a gradual increase in height as the years increase. The parameters shown in this are the heights, which can be measured during each year to show the rise. The constraints of this task are finding a function to fit the data point shown in Data Graph 1. Some other constraints would be that there aren’t any outliers in the graph and it has been a pretty steady linear rise. The type of function that models the behavior of the function is linear.This type of function models it because the points resemble a line rather than a curve. To represent the points plotted in Data Graph 1 a function is created. To start deciphering a function I started with the equation – Y = mx + b To show the slope of the line since the function is linear. For the first point the function would have to satisfy 197 = m (1932) + b In order for the line to be steep the b value or y intercept will have to be low to give it a more upward positive slope. Y = mx -1000 197 = m (1932) -1000 1197 = m (1932) m = 0. 619The final linear equation to satisfy some points would be y = 0. 62x – 1000 The graph below shoes the model linear function and the original data points to show their relationship. Graph 2 Year Year Height (cm) Height (cm) The graph above shows t he linear function y = 0. 62x – 1000 in relation to the data points plotted on Data Graph 1. The differences between the function and the points plotted is that the function does not full satisfy all the x and y values. The outliers in this case are from the years 1948, 1952, and 1980 which all of y values that do not meet the function closely.Using regression the following function and graph is found. The function and line found using regression matches the one found by me. The linear function does not cross all points but shows the gradual shape in which the points plotted make. Another function that is used is a quadratic function Quadratic functions are set up as: Y = px2 + tx +b To make this function resemble the points plotted on the Graph 1 the p value will have to be very small to widen the shape of the quadratic The b value also has to be small to resemble the y intercept and to give the graph a more upward slopeI used the function: Y = 0. 0000512Ãâ€"2 + 0. 5171x â €“ 1010 In order for this function to work it must satisfy the point of (1964, 218) Y = 0. 0000512 (1964)2 + 0. 5171 (1964) – 1010 Y = 0. 0000512 (3857296) + 1015. 58 – 1010 Y = 197. 49 + 1015. 58 – 1010 Y = 218 This graph of the function y = 0. 0000512Ãâ€"2 +0. 5171x – 1010 is shown in the following Graph 3 as it is against the points plotted in Data Graph 1 Graph 3 Height (cm) Height (cm) Year Year It is shown in Graph 3 that the quadratic function does resemble the shape of the line plotted by the points in Data Graph 1.In Graph 4 both functions are shown against the original data points plotted in Data Graph 1. Graph 4 Height (cm) Height (cm) Year Year Had the games been held in 1940 and 1944 the winning heights would be estimated as: Y = 0. 62(1940) – 1000 Y = 1202. 8 – 1000 Y = 202. 8 When the x value of 1940 is plugged into the linear equation y = 0. 62x – 1000 the y value, or winning height in the year 1940, would be 202. 8. Y = 0. 0000512(1940)2 + 0. 5171(1940) – 1010 Y = 0. 0000512(3763600) + 1003. 17 – 1010 Y = 192. 69 + 1003. 17 – 1010 Y = 185. 86 When the x value 1940 is plugged into the quadratic equation y = 0. 000512Ãâ€"2 + 0. 5171x – 1010 the y value, or winning height for 1940, is 185. 86. In order to make a more accurate estimate for the winning height in 1940 the average of both terms, 202. 8 and 185. 86, are taken. 202. 8 + 185. 86 / 2 = 194. 33 The estimated winning height in 1940 would be 194. 33 For the estimated winning height in 1944: Y = 0. 62(1944) – 1000 Y = 1205. 28 – 1000 Y = 205. 28 When the x value of 1944 is plugged into the linear equation 0. 62x – 1000 the y value, or winning height in 1944, is 205. 8. Y = 0. 0000512(1944)2 + 0. 5171(1944) – 1010Y = 0. 0000512(3779136) + 1005. 24 – 1010 Y = 193. 49 + 1005. 24 – 1010 Y = 188. 73 When the x value of 1944 is plugged into the quadratic equation of 0. 00005 12Ãâ€"2 + 0. 5171x + 1010 the y value, or winning height in 1944, is 188. 73. To have a more accurate estimate of the winning height the average of the two y values of two functions is taken. 188. 73 + 205. 28 / 2 = 197. 01 The winning height for the 1944 Olympics would be estimated at 197. 01 Graph 5 Year Year Height (cm) Height (cm) Graph 5 shows all the data from the 1896 Olympics to the 2008 Olympics.The red line is the quadratic function f(x) = 0. 0000512Ãâ€"2 + 0. 5171x – 1010 and the blue line represents the linear function f(x) = 0. 62x -1000. The function models that are represented in Graph 5 do not fully resemble the points plotted from the gold medal high jump heights but have an overall shape of the rise in height from year to year. Graph 6 Height (cm) Height (cm) Year Year The graph above shows all data point plotted on a graph. The overall trend or shape resemble that of a cubic. Graph 7 The shape of the cubic resembles more of the shape shown in the data poi nts plotted on Graph 6.The modifications that need to be made on my models are that the quadratic function needs to have a more curve to it than just a straight line. To do that I need to change the variables a, b, and c in the equation f(x) = ax2 + bx + c f(x) = 0. 0000512Ãâ€"2 + 0. 5171x -1010 Graph 8 Height (cm) Height (cm) Year Year In a zoomed out view the graph shows the overall shape of the quadratic shape of the red line and how it goes through the black data points and how the linear equation is completely straight. IB Mathematics SL Year 2 Internal Assessment Gold Medal Heights Date Due: February 11, 2013