Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics

Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics Ever noticed how a hose spouting water in your favorite Saturday-morning cartoon always looked like it was a snake vomiting footballs? Despite the fact that the water coming out of the end of the hose was running smoothly, its still a pretty good representation of how blood flows through our veins: in waves that we call pulses. The Pressure of the Blood Blood pressure is the force  exerted against blood vessel walls by the blood as it flows through them. Because of the way arteries and veins are used by the circulatory system, arterial walls are much thicker and withstand higher pressures than venous walls do. Arteries have the ability to expand and constrict much more than veins can, which is necessary to adjust blood pressure. Because they exert that control, they have to be sturdy. When we measure blood pressure, we are measuring the pressure in the arteries. Usually, we measure the pressure in the brachial artery, although it is possible to measure blood pressure in other arteries as well. Blood pressure is manually measured using a stethoscope to listen blood flow turbulence, a cuff to constrict blood vessels enough to stop the flow, and a sphygmomanometer (big, fancy word for a pressure gauge and a squeeze bulb).   Electronic blood pressure monitors dont need humans (other than the one theyre testing) or stethoscopes. There are plenty of blood pressure monitors in homes today. If you have a blood pressure monitor or are considering buying one, you may be wondering what exactly blood pressure is and if you should monitor it. Why Does It Matter? Anyone who has left the water on in the garden has seen the hole that rushing water can make under pressure. That erosion can also happen in the body if high blood pressure is not treated. High blood pressure can also lead to strokes and aneurysms. An aneurysm is a weak spot in an artery that swells until it bursts, and hypertension makes that process happen faster. The Pulse Blood does not flow smoothly through arteries. Instead, it surges through the arteries each time the heart beats. That surge is known as the pulse and is easily felt through arteries in the wrist and neck. Even though blood is surging through the blood vessels, there is pressure on the vessels at all times. Indeed, the pulse we feel is really the difference between the pressure exerted against the arterials walls during the hearts rest and during the hearts contractions. Why an Upside Down Fraction? When blood pressure is measured, we commonly record the pressure as two numbers, one above the other,  like a fraction. The difference between a fraction and a blood pressure is that the top number of a blood pressure is always higher than the bottom number (example: 120/80). The top number is the systolic blood pressure. This is the pressure in the artery during the beating of the heart (systole). This is the pressure that creates the pulse we feel in the wrist or neck.The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure. This is the pressure that is always in the artery, even when the heart is resting between beats (diastole).

Subordinate Clauses and Commas

Subordinate Clauses and Commas Subordinate Clauses and Commas Subordinate Clauses and Commas By Jacquelyn Landis Writers like to sprinkle their work with subordinate clauses because they add variety to sentence structure. A reading diet too heavy with simple sentences or even compound sentences becomes wearisome quickly. Subordinate clauses- also known as dependent clauses- used skillfully can add complexity and artfulness to writing. A subordinate clause can either precede or follow its main clause. What writers tend to get confused about, however, is when and where to place commas in relation to subordinate clauses. The simple rule is this: If a subordinate clause precedes the main clause, separate the two with a comma: Unless you have a lot of money, steer clear of Rodeo Drive. If the subordinate clause follows the main clause, no comma is usually needed: Steer clear of Rodeo Drive unless you have a lot of money. Many writers wouldnt be able to resist the temptation to stick a comma between Drive and unless even though its not strictly necessary. Theres a natural pause that seems to call for a comma, but try to resist its call unless a pause is needed for special emphasis. One notable exception is when the subordinating conjunction because is used and the main clause expresses a negative concept: Don’t worry about your spelling errors because the editor will fix them. Omitting a comma in this sentence suggests the meaning that there’s another reason not to worry about the spelling errors: Don’t worry about your spelling errors because the editor will fix them; worry about them because you shouldn’t have made them to begin with. So if the real reason you shouldn’t worry about the spelling errors is, in fact, because the editor will fix them, we need a comma: Don’t worry about your spelling errors, because the editor will fix them. Watch out for because in your subordinate clauses. Scrutinize your sentences to make sure youre not clouding the issue and confusing your readers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormWhen to use "an"

Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Essay Example

Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Essay Example Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Paper Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris Paper According to Table , Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris showed fermentative activity. However Proteus vulgaris only showed it for glucose, while E.coli showed it for all three of the carbohydrates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no fermentation. In table 3, the only bacteria which showed a production of indole was Escherichia coli. This is because E. Coli has the enzyme tryptophanase that can degrade the amino acid tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid and ammonia. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009)The idole produced by the bacteria binded with the p-dimethlyaminobenzaldehyde in the reagent to produce the red compound. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) In table 5, the Proteus vulagris was the only positive bacteria for the urease test. This means that Proteus vulagris is a rapid urease-positive organism. The restrictive amount of nutrients coupled with the use of pH buffers prevent all but rapid urease-positive organisms from producing enough ammonia to turn the phenol red pink. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) The Urease broth can be used to differentiate members of the genus Proteus. In table 7, the proteus vulgaris is the only positive bacteria. The reason for this result is that Proteus Vulgaris is positive in the hydrogen sulfide test because it can undergo anaerobic respiration using Sulfur as an electron acceptor. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009)In table 9, Bacillus subtilis showed positive result on the starch hydrolysis whereas Escherichia coli did not. Starch hydrolysis requires the presence of exoenzyme amylase to hydrolyze starch into smaller polysaccharides. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) Positive result of starch hyrdrolysis showed the ability of the mircoorgism to produce amylase. In table 11, showed that all of the bacteria are capable of producing catalase. Hydrogen peroxide is an superoxide which is able to be degraded by catalase. All of the bacteria where able to produce the enzyme to degrade it. In the oxidase test only Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a positive result. This is because it is the only microorganism out of the others which has oxidase. This means it takes part in cytochrome oxidase activity. Oxidase activates the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by molecular oxygen in aerobic organisms during electron transport. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) Oxidized cytochrome c transfers molecular oxygen to tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine when the reagent is added to growth of an oxidase positive organism. (Madigan and Thomas, 2009) This experiment has the possibility of human error. Mistakes could have been made by failing to sterilize the inoculating loop correctly, which would result in possible contamination of the sample. Another error could have been possibly occurred by mislabeling the plates according to species, which would produce invalid results. In conclusion the experiment was successful. I learned to distinguish species of bacteria by cultivating in different media and doing some tests. I also practised the proper techniques of testing for fermentation of carbohydrates, production of indole, activity of urease, production of hydrogen sulfide, evidence of amylase activity, evidence of lipase activity, and evidence of protease activity. References Department of Biology, 2010, Biology 130 Fundamentals of Microbiology Laboratory Manual. University of Waterloo, Waterloo pp. 23 32. Goldman, Emanuel, and Lorrence H. Green. Practical Handbook of Microbiology. Boca Raton: CRC, 2009. Print. Madigan, Michael T., and Thomas D. Brock. Brock biology of microorganisms . 12th ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2009. Print. Observing Plates. Biology @ Davidson. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. bio.davidson.edu/people/dawessner/302/302Lab3.html.

Visual Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Visual Communication - Essay Example On the other hand, few experts (Candy, pp. 23-25) believe that contemporary form of art, such as films, television, music videos, digital photography are outcomes of inspirations and influences from previous art movements (Candy, pp. 23-25). Thus, all contemporary representations of art enjoy a deeper relationship with different periods of art in a meaningful manner. For instance, Surrealism was a significant and successful art movement of 1920s; however, studies have indicated that present artists are doing nothing but blending technology with traditional artworks of Surrealism, and few other art movements, such as Impressionism, Cubism, etc. Analysis of the literature (Surrealism.org, 2009) related to Surrealism has pointed out that present progression in the field of art has changed only the tools and equipments, and artists are still continuing to add visual elements of Surrealism that will be part of the discussion later in the paper. In the past, Surrealists used to create artworks by their hands and brushes while using the techniques, such as collage, furnage, heatage, bulletism, outagraphy, etc (Surrealism.org, 2009). Today, artists, especially of the music videos are using computer software instead of brushes to use the same techniques, in order to communicate with the audience visually, as well as to present their music in an enhanced and inspirational manner (Candy, pp. 29-36). This is one of the reasons that music videos have now become the influential tools to popularize a song, and despite of weak lyrics of a song, artistic music videos result in success of the music (Williams, pp. 47-61). In this regard, it has now become very important to identify factors that existed and played significant role during the art movement of Surrealism, and have continued to dominate the music videos in contemporary era of 21st century. For this

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Plan - Assignment Example injury and death caused or resulted from an auto accident and now a day’s some cars are invented and introduced in such a way that it consist of six or eight air bags. The value of this product is that at the time when the car crashes the momentum of the car changes instantly. The airbags acts as a constraint for helping or assisting the passengers to stop the passengers and also protecting and safeguarding the passengers. The air bag facilitates the passengers from the side swipes of the car , front on collisions etc and the airbags are designed in such a way that it prevents and restricts the injuries that are caused from the severe car accidents. The existence and the presence of the airbags will also influence the secure placement of child and infant. The most essential and the unique feature of the air bags are it transmits crash sensors that indicates and designed in such a way that the vehicle has been damaged in accident. The threat of substitutes of the airbag is that the substitute product and its existence in the market may drive the consumers to switch to the product of its competitors. The substitute product is considered as an alternative of the supply of the product in the market. Therefore the existence3 of substitute is considered as the threat of the company. The seat belt is considered as a substitute of the air bag by some of the customers or the passengers. The customers generally perceive that the seatbelts are designed and introduced in such a way that it provides comfort to its customers and there exist differences in the level of comfort that is being provided by the airbags and seatbelt. The front air bag is not capable of protecting the side and the roll over and the rear crashes. In this case on the basis of such differences the customers generally prefer or select the use of seat belt for the safety and protection for facing these types of crashes. The air bags are designed only to protect or safeguard the frontal crash

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers Essay

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers - Essay Example This statement is also used to show net profit or loss the company or business incurred after a given accounting period. Balance sheet also known as statement of financial position is a financial statement showing the summary of financial balance of a business. The statement also shows the company’s financial condition. The two financial statements have different accounting transactions presented in these statements (William et al, 2008). While income statement describes the performance of a business of the current year, balance sheet shows the company’s overall position as from the beginning of the year to the current year. The transactions posted on the balance sheet include assets, liabilities and equity, the balance sheet has three parts arranged in liquidity order, assets are followed by liabilities. The difference between assets and liabilities gives capital, in the balance sheet the records of each account is usually maintained using double entry book-keeping, which is an accounting system. The transactions posted on income statement include revenues and expenses, this statement is however, divided into two parts the operating and non-operating sections. The operating section shows information concerning the revenues and expenses of the business, which comes because of regular operations of a business. Non-operating section shows information not related to direct regular operations of the business (Dani els & Mortimer, 1980). Information from these financial statements is normally posted in different journals and ledgers. Transactions made on income statement affect it in different ways, for example, an increase in sales by a certain amount affect the income statement since it will provide an additional income thus increase in net profit and vice versa when income from sales reduces. These sales also have an effect of balance sheet. Employee’s transactions, which amount to

Global environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global environment - Research Paper Example Over the time, the elevation in the population rate declined the natural reservoirs. In other words, the natural resources are coming under intense pressure with its vast usage by the population that is creating a threat to the health of the entire population of the world. Moreover, it is also creating a warning sign for the social and economic development as well. This is due to the reason that natural reservoirs have come under consumption to the maximum level in the process of production as the inhabitants principally count on these resources the most, consequently, drastically impacting the environment on a global basis. â€Å"However, one of the principal and leading challenges that the planet Earth and its entire human race is encountering while crossing the threshold into the twenty first century is the universal environmental pollution and the climatic variation that comes under alliance to it. In addition, this global environment wears and tears are in a continuation process, which has become one of the foremost and focal concerns in the today’s life†. The thought that the public are exploiting the nature and the resources in order to meet the current needs gives rise to the question that are the human beings of this world deteriorating the natural resources that is one of the major needs for the future as well. According to studies and researches, it has come to an observation the developing countries with an intention to improve the living standards of the common people, these economies are utilizing the natural resources more rapidly and in a much accelerated pace than they are restoring or redeveloping these resources. As an outcome of it, these developing nations are creating a permanent and irremediable damage to the natural resources. Moreover, with carrying out an unbearable growth and expansion for the natural resources, the humankind is encouraging and giving rise to the ecological disasters that contribute to deteriorate the environment on an enduring basis. Water shortages, soil exhaustion, air and water pollution, lack of forestland and trees, and degradation of coastlines are few of the instances that are the leading contributing factors that may badly affect numerous regions and districts of the world. The records and evidences divulge the piece of information that the twentieth century was the epoch that witnessed a revolution that resulted in the strange and bizarre environmental turmoil. The human creatures and their actions and doings are the chief and salient causes that triggered such environmental turbulence. However, the global environm ent has dramatically affected the lives of not only the human beings but also the other living creatures such as marine life, plants, animals and many other types of species. Moreover, these environmental risk and jeopardy embrace shift in average temperature and the weather, weakening of the ozone layer, ecological change, urbanization and